Gas heater or furnace



(No Model.) A Y 2 Sheefs--Sheet 1.

J. W. BAKER. 5 GAS HEATER 0R PURNAUE.

INYENTOI?? Patented Jan. `7, 1896.`

ANDREW BLRAHAM. PHUTU-LWHO-WASHINGTUN-QC WITNESGES" 76 (No Model.) 2 sheets-sheen 2.

J. W. BAKER.

GAS HEATER OR FURNAGB; No. 552,504. 5 Patented Jan. 7,'1895.

WIT/v5.5 656# K NVENTH" b f MJQA- the section-line 2 2 of Fig. l.

NrTnn STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOI-IN YV. BAKER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENN SYLVANIA GAS HEATER OR FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 552,504, dated January '7, 1896.

Application filed March l5, 1893, Serial No. 466,057. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

` Beit known that I, JOHN WV. BAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Gas `Heaters or Furnaces, of which the following is a true and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification.

My invention' relates to heaters or furnaces, especially to those in which gaseous fuel is employed, and has for its object the' overcoming of several practical diiiiculties in the operation, and a general improvement in the construction of this class of furnaces, rendering them more efficacious and capable of burning equally well with all qualities of One of the troubles heretofore found in this style of furnace has been that if the heated products of combustion are conducted through several radiators so as to obtain all the heat possible, then the cooled gases are so sluggish that a proper draft cannot be maintained, while if a proper draft be maintained much heat is lost by going up the chimney. Another Vtrouble in the practical operation of these furnaces has been the variation in their heating capacity on account of the varying quality of the gas used in different places. These and other difficulties have been overcome by -my invention, which isbest described in connection with the drawings illustrating a furnace in which it is embodied, and in which- Figure lis a sectional elevation of a heater or furnace embodying my invention, taken on the line l 1 of Fig.'2. Fig. 2 is a plan on Fig. 3 is a plan view ofthe lower heating-section M and its connections removed from thefurnace, and Fig. 4 is a plan on the section-line et 4 of Fig. l.

A and A represent the outer casings of the heater.

A2 are iiucs adapted to conduct heated air uncontaminated with products of combustion to radiators or otherplaces where itmay be used for heating purposes.

S is an outletiiue 4for the products of com-V bustion and leads to a chimney in the usual way.

The casing A is provided, preferably, near or at its base with openings, as A3, for the ad mission of air, though in some cases air may, if preferred, be led to the furnace through a suitable pipe or conduit when it is not desired to take air from the chamber in which the furnace is situated. Supported within the Vcasing in a any convenient manner, as by uprightsmf, is placed a heating-drum, as M. This, as shown, is made annular to conform to the cylindrical shape of the furnace, but it may of course be of any convenient shape. Arranged in the lower part of the casing, preferably and conveniently as shown within the lower drum M, is a burner E supported, as shown, on pipes D' leading from a mixing-box, as D, into which lead air and gas pipes, marked C and B, respectively. The air-pipe C is a comparatively large pipe having an opening c outside the casing ,for the admission of air. A valve, as C', is arranged so as to regulate the size of the opening c in the air-pipes whereby the supply of air may be controlled. This regulation of theair-supply to the burner is very important,

'since the quality of gas varies greatly in different localities, all the way from ten to sixty candle-power, and when no regulation is providedto govern the amount of air admitted to be mixed with the gas either too much air is admitted, making a weak iame, or too little, in which case the smoke is formedwhich iills up the radiators with soot, but by regu lating the amount of air to the burner this trouble is entirely done away with and the proper amount of air can be admitted to suit any quality of gas.

The air-pipe is preferably provided with a light non-return valve c', so asto prevent any gas being forced back outside of the heater. In case, however, that this return of the gas should happen, or the non-return valve be omitted, a bonnet T, as shown in dotted lines, may be arranged, preferably, over the opening c in the air-pipe and connects by means of a pipe t with theoutlet-flue, so that any escaping gas will be drawn up the chimney.

- The gas-pipe B is shown provided with the gas-cock B', and enters the air-pipe C preferably at the joint C2, and is provided with an extension b leading above the level of the pipe C, so that the gas in issuing from the IOO pipe h may create an inflowing current 'in the air-pipe and thus the tendency to a backfloW of gas may be diminished.

The burner E is preferably made annular, as shown, and is provided with holes e through which the mixed air and gas flow. These openings e in aggregate area should considerably exceed the area of the pipes B and C, as should also the area of the mixing-chamber D and the pipes D' leading from said chamber to the burner. In short, the conduit consisting of the mixing-chamber, the pipes D'Y and the burner should have such relative area throughout as will make it easier for the gases to flow through it than back through the airiiue C.

On each side of the annularburner E are passages d d', as shown, which are larger than would 'be necessary for the passage of simply that amount of air to the burners which would be necessaryto support combustion at the burner, lthus permitting a relative excess of air from within the furnace-casing to unite with 'the products of combustion :and to be conductedwiththem tothe chimney, thus increasing the volume of heated gases which is passed'through the heating-drums M M', (pcc.

The burner E is covered by a hood or casing, as G, to prevent theproducts of combustion mixing with and contan'iinating the'air in the casing, and doors, asG, (see Fig. 4,) may conveniently be arranged to permit access to the `burner within. vDeflectors, as E' E', are arranged on either side of the burner E at such distance as to makethepassages d d' of approximately equal size. The outer defleetor E' ispreferably curved at the top, .as shown, and may be made of cast metal; but the inner deiiector is preferably made of a refractory substance,as fire-brick. The-intensely-heated `products 0f combustion following the direction of thearrows .pass directly over this inner deflector E2, and as it is apt to'burn out I preferably make it in two or'more'sections, as c' e2, preferably jointed, as at e3, so that one or more sections may be removed if so desired. The inner delectorE2 is conveniently supported on an annular casting G', which also affords a convenient support for the nozzleor air-conduit F. This conduit F, preferably formed slightly conical, as shown, is situated so that it will be eX- posedto the heated products of combustion as they leavethe burner, and the air within is very highly heated, which serves to create an upward current of air which impinges against and heats the Vdrum P, as willbe eX- plained later. From the casting 1r' lead pipes G2 tothe lower heating-drum M. Above this are other heating-drums, as M' M2 M3, united by pipes fm m' m2, preferably out of line with leach other, as shown. From the last heating-drum M3 the products of combustion are conducted by-pipes, as m3, to a closed-drum,`as P, and from it to the outletflue S.

vI provide heating-drums of such area and number as to insure under ordinary conditions that the gases Apassing through them to the flue S will be cooled down, parting with their heat to the air in the furnace to a temperature little above that of said air, and as this temperature might not cause sufficient draft to vinsure proper combustion at the burner I reheat the gases by the action of the intensely-heated air issuing through the nozzle F, which as already described impinges on the drum P beneath the mouth of flue S andcauses a direct draft in said iiue.

A water-trough N conveniently supported by angle-irons n over the drum Gmay be arranged within the heater, and a spout N' is preferably connected thereto, as shown, so that it may be filled without the casing. `Flues p are also preferably formed in `the drum yl?. The outer casing of the furnace is preferably formed into twoparts A A', as shown, witha small 'space a between them, which construction serves to prevent the radiation of heated air into the room or cellar in which the heater is situated.

The inner casing A becomes heated, partieularly at its upper part, marked A4. A iiange A5 filled with holes cto permit the introduction of air is arranged considerablybelow this top AL1 of said casing A, and the second casing A' is arranged to vproject upward from the ange A5 on which it is supported. Air entering the holes a and rising betweenthe casing willbe heated bythe inner casing at A4,

then risingaround inside the outer casing AV will be further heated by mingling with the heated air already inthe casing.

The operation of the heater can be understood vfrom the foregoing description. Gas is turned-on and enters throughthe pipe-B and nozzle 1),-creating a suction in the air-pipe C, thus drawing in air .properly regulated by the valve C'. The gas being lit at the burner as it'issues from the holes cheats the deflectors EUR?, which heat the air layers passing over 'their surfaces, and which air supports coml bustion at the burner, making the burner regenerative. The excess of iheated air and the products of combustion iirst heat the nozzle F to a high degree and are then drawn through the drums M M', ctc., heating'the same, and through them rthe air in the furnace. The highly-heatedair rises through nozzle Fand impinges against the'bottom of the drum P, heating the gases therein in-the mannerah ready described, quickening the flow of gases up the outlet-line S, which acts to draw the products of combustion through the heatingdrums, and so stimulating the sluggish draft and insuring-the proper action of the furnace.

The air in the casing is heated by the'heating-drums M M', ttc., also by the heated surfaces of the nozzle or conduit 'F and the outside of the chamber G and rises through the IOO IIO

IZO

and so is not vitiated thereby and as it carries away With it vapor from the Water in the pan N it affords a healthful heating medium.

I-Iaving now described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a furnace, the combination With a hot air chamber and air flues leading therefrom of a burner, a Vheating drum system leading from the burner through the hot air chamber and adapted to convey the products of combustion from the burner to an outtake flue, an air conduit arranged in the hot air chamber as described, to be externally heated by the products of combustion arising from the burner and to direct the heated current of air against the outside of a remote part of the drum system, said drum being also in the hot air chamber whereby the products of combustion somewhat cooled in their passage through the drum system may be reheated to insure a proper draft and the intensely heated air after so reheating the cooled products of combustion may mingle with the air inthe hot air chamber.

2. In a hot air heater the combination in a hot air chamber having fines leading therefrom, of a burner, an air channel or nozzle open at top and bottom and so arranged that its Walls form one side of the outlet line for the highly heated products of combustion, a

heating drum system leading from the burner through which the products of combustion are passed, an out take flue for products of combustion leading from the inside to the outside of the hot air chamber, and a drum connecting the drum system and the base of the out-take iiue, said drum being arranged in the path of the highly heated air from the nozzle aforesaid, as and for the purpose specified.

3. In a hot air heater the combination in a hot air chamber having flues leading therefrom of an annular burner, an air channel or nozzle open at top and bottom and arranged Within the burner so that its Walls form one side of the outlet flue for the highly heated products of combustion, a heating drum system leading from the burner through which the products of combustion are passed, an out-take flue for products of combustion leading from the inside to the outside of the hot air chamber, and a drum connecting the drum system'and the base of the out-take flue arranged in the path of the highly heated air from the passage aforesaid and wherein the products of combustion are reheated to insure a proper draft in the out-take iiue.

4. In a gas heater the combination of a burner, a heating drum system leading from the burner, and a removable sectional deflector for guiding the products of combustion from the burner to the aforesaid heating drum system as and for the purpose specied.

5. In a heater, a heating drum as M, a casting connected thereto, an air nozzle supported on said casting, a deflector as E2 also supported on said casting and a burner so arranged that the iiame and products of combustion therefrom will be drawn by the draft into the heating drum M substantially for the purpose specified.

6. In a heater the combination of a burner, a heating drum system leading from the' burner, defiectors to direct the llame, products of combustion and air currents from the burner into the heating drum system, and a hood or casing so arranged that the products `of combustion will not mingle with the main body of air in the heater.

'7. The combination in a heater of a casing having an opening or openings for the admission of air, heating drums arranged Within said casing, a burner, alwater chamber also supported Within the casing, an outlet or outlets for conveying heated air from said casing and an outlet flue for the products of combustion substantially as shown.

JOI-IN lV. BAKER.

Witnesses:

H. GORDON McGoUoH, LAURA HAYDEN VALENTINE. 

